Personal Identity Theft Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Personal Identity Theft - Dissertation Example In defining this terminology, Blair (2011) identifies three steps undertaken by such criminals: trying to obtain another person’s information, trying to misuse the obtained information and finally, executing the crime with the intention of victimising the target. Recovery from this crime could be frustrating, expensive and time consuming for the victim. The objective of paper is to come up with a sensitization framework of educating the public on identity theft and to establish ways of preventing the crime. To achieve this, this paper will give a background of the crime, articulating the forms in which it could be executed. Determining the prevalence of the crime would be important in forming the basis of discussion on prevention measures and the public awareness. Guided by the findings from the secondary sources, the review will finally recommend effective public education strategies. The paper is divided into two sections. The first section focuses on the previously publishe d papers that have discussed the identity theft background and history. Various forms of identity theft including physical forms and technology-based forms will be discussed in this section. In the second section, the paper seeks to develop a sensitization program that would appropriate in enabling the society to deal with the cyber crimes in the most effective way. PART 1: LITERATURE REVIEW Early approaches to identity theft Despite the newness of the name identity theft, the phenomenon is old with the early forms adopting the simple forms of impersonation. Impersonation refers to the imitation of another person so as to defraud others, usually for personal gains (Hoffman & McGinley 2010). The early imposters imitated... Despite the newness of the name identity theft, the phenomenon is old with the early forms adopting the simple forms of impersonation. Impersonation refers to the imitation of another person so as to defraud others, usually for personal gains (Hoffman & McGinley 2010). The early imposters imitated the talking, dressing and behaviour of others, which with time became ineffective as other more effective personal identification theft forms emerged. Stolen, fictitious and forged identification documents together with financial account information catalysed identity theft. Today, technology has transformed the usage, collection and storage of personal information making identity theft a more complex crime. Hoffman and McGinley (2010) cite the Biblical story of Jacob who masqueraded as Esau so as to receive his father’s blessings as among the early forms of identity theft. This was propagated by Rebecca, the mother, who was determined to ensure that her son Jacob and not Esau receiv es her husband’s blessings. With the father’s poor visibility due to old age, Esau’s dressing was used to disguise his smell and application of goatskin to fool the touch of the hairy Esau. In the Middle Ages, the 1450 Cade’s rebellion gives a story of John Aylmer who changed his name several times, organised a rebel army, all in an attempt to overthrow the England King Henry VI (Hoffman & McGinley 2010). Despite his failure, John has been widely considered as an opportunist motivated by the desire for personal glorification.

Module 6 Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 6 Reflections - Essay Example One key area that outstood in the module was the coding and interpretation of data. Through the lecture I got so much insight on the best strategies of analyzing the data. I remember vividly the lecturer’s commandments of data analysis. The first thing addressed was that there is need to have a thorough understanding of the literature presented. The second point involved adequate preparation while the other thing was to organize archival data in clear batches. Through these steps plus the reading from the textbook helped me have a solid understanding of the best approach to data analysis. I remember very well reading that data is supposed to be reviewed before it is coded. Another area of concern was in understanding the whole aspect of validity. I went through the textbook to gain further insight on the topic hence I was able to get a number of concepts about the topic. It was not ringing into my mind the so called external and internal validity but I sought help from a friend who distinguished the two aspects for me in concise details. According to what I understood, internal validity deals with the extent to which research findings minimizes the biasness that is achieved through the research while external validity refers to the generalizability of a research to other populations. Upon getting, the basic information through the lecture to the text, which provides some great insight on most of the aspects, learnt in class. Dr. Long shed some good light on the ways of dealing with substance and rigor in qualitative research. Even if validity had proven somehow tricky to get the full concept behind it, Long mentioned the distinction between validity and credibility. However, despite the understanding one question still lingers in my mind and requires someone to give me an elaborate description. The difference between credibility and reliability is the area of concern. In module 4, I had encountered a number of challenges in differentiating between

The Death of Ivan Ilych and The Sun Also Rises Analysis

The Death of Ivan Ilych and The Sun Also Rises Analysis Lie The short story The Death of Ivan Ilych and the novel The Sun Also Rises have different from each other structure, scenery, and protagonists. The Death of Ivan Ilych is told by the author, omniscient. Per Kelly If there is no limit to what the narrator knows, if he can eavesdrop on the minds of characters and reveal their unspoken thoughts, we call him omniscient (xiv). In difference The Sun Also Rises is told by the protagonist. The narrator, limited omniscient, is the character of the novel and everything was shown based on his thoughts and views. The underline of each story is the lie and how it leads characters lives. In the story The Death of Ivan Ilych many lies have been accepted by characters as a truth. The lie starts from the begging of the story when Ivan Ilychs coworkers learned about his death. Their thoughts and actually pronounced words were complete opposites. Tolstoy states, receiving the news of Ivan Ilychs death the first thought of each of the gentlemen in the privet room was of changes and promotions (15). Tolstoy also exposes that the coworkers were acquaintances and so-called friends, but not true friends. Even the persons, who Ivan Ilych considered friends, had one thing in their mind how to benefit from his death. [T]he more intimate Ivan Ilychs acquaintances could not help thinking that they have to fulfill the very tiresome demands of propriety by attending the funeral service (Tolstoy 16). They were so fake friends that, the attending to the funeral had only far-sighted reasons. Ivan Ilychs life was full of lies and dishonesty. Everything started from his work and society that he was in. Throughout the story, Tolstoy shows how power and good connection help to get things that people are not qualified. [Ivan Ilych] set off for one of the provinces where, through his fathers influence, he had been attached to the Governor as an official for special services (Tolstoy 23). He started to act and do things that bring him good reputation and respect. Tolstoy affirms that [he] picked out the best circle of legal gentlemen and wealthy gentry living in the town (25). His life started to be just show off and every action was done for societies reaction, even getting married and having a family. To say that Ivan Ilych married because his social he fell in love with Praskovya Fedorovna would be as incorrect as to say that he married because his social circle approved of the match (Tolstoy 26). These all made the accepted lies bigger and bigger. The realization about lies came to Ivan Ilych when he got sick. The fist realization accrued to him in a visit to a doctor. He was accepting that doctor was avoiding his questions and overlook something like he used to do on the court. The doctor put on just the same air towards him as himself put on towards an accused person (Tolstoy 35). When Ilychs condition became worst many more thoughts came to his mind. He had additional time to think and realize that his life was filled with many lies. Every small thing was irritating and inflaming to him. He could find any relief in his relatives. The only pleasant person for him was his butlers young assistant, Gerasim. In the story, Tolstoy represented Gerasim as a person who lived good and clean life. Grasim was in Ilychs side most of the times and Gerasims sleepy, good-natured face made him think that he lived his whole life wrong. He realized that everything in his life was false and there was nothing real to him. It occurred to him tha t . his professional duties and the whole arrangement of his life and of his family, and all his social and official interests, might all have been false (Tolstoy 60). At the end of his life, Ivan Ilych understood that his life was not what he would want it to be. He was feeling sorry for his wife and kids, especially for his son. The novel The Sun Also Rises is told by the main character, Jake. In this novel, all the characters are living in the lies. Even though the whole time in the story Jake talks about other people, he describes him and his fillings. Robert Cohn was once middleweight boxing champion of Princeton. He cared nothing for boxing, in fact, he disliked it, but he learned it painfully and thoroughly to counteract the feeling of inferiority and shyness (Hemingway 11). Jake hade some insecurities which he was showing by describing Cohn. Jake is slightly concerned about the violence and fighting happened with Cohn, and it feels that Jake have feelings of inferiority too. Later in the novel, we find that Jake was in a war. Youre not a bad type, she said. Its a shame youre sick. We get on well. Whats the matter with you, anyway? I got hurt in the war, I said. (Hemingway 23). A conversation between Jake and Georgette brings in Jakes injury and how the war has influenced his life but keeps some things uncovered and shaded. The barrier between Jake and Brett gets quite clear at the end of the novel. Oh, Jake, Brett said, we could have had such a damned good time together. Ahead was a mounted policeman in khaki directing traffic. He raised his baton. The car slowed suddenly pressing Brett against me. Yes, I said. Isnt it pretty to think so?' (Hemingway 250). The policeman, cars being slow downed and stopped symbolically represent that their relationship is not going anywhere and they are not going to be together. Furthermore, Jakes somewhat skeptical and unpleasant response demonstrates that he has no impressions about their relationship. It looks as if he respected the circumstance that a relationship between himself and Brett would have been improbable to end otherwise than any of her other unsuccessful relationships.

Seven Years War Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Seven Years War proved to be a crossroads in the history of British colonial rule in America. Britain was victorious, but after defeating her French foes (along with their Indian allies), Britain was left to contemplate the ramifications of a war that would leave her relationship with her American colonies altered forever. This change would eventually lead to conflict between the colonies and Britain, and ultimately the Declaration of American Independence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to understand how the relationship between Britain and the American Colonies became so strained, we must first examine the nature of Britain’s imperial authority. Economic relations between the two entities were governed by Navigation Acts and trade Acts. These Acts existed for the express purpose of maximizing profits for Britain with regards to her colonies in North America. They served to completely control colonial trade, and in the process stifled some sectors of the colonial economy. To Britain’s dismay, many colonists openly flouted these regulations during the Seven Years War, largely because of Britain’s preoccupation with the ongoing hostilities. After the war it became clear the extent to which some colonists had openly flouted the Trade and Navigation Acts. This was doubly insulting for Britain because of the perceived sacrifices made by Britain during the war in terms of material and men, all spent to keep the colonies (a nd colonists) ou...

Examining The Concept of Politically Correct Speech Essay

â€Å"Let’s be politically correct about this.† This is a common statement people make when they want to avoid offending people. This is the goal of the concept of being politically correct: avoid offending people’s sensibilities. Case in point, it is not uncommon to call blind people â€Å"visually impaired.† The reason for this is that somehow the word â€Å"blind† became derogatory. Well, actually it didn’t and neither did a number of benign words but in the 1990’s there was a movement that started with the clear intention of making words as antiseptic as possible. The movement was somewhat mocked at first and pop culture comedian George Carlin quipped â€Å"It is just a means of people hiding their guilt without really atoning for their sins.† But, the politically movement has far from gone away. In fact, it has gained significant momentum in certain quarters. This is good in some ways and negative in others. One of the most negative aspects of the political correctness movement is that perpetually trying to be politically correct has a tendency to hinder communications. That is, when people are always trying to choose their words or phrases carefully they may find the end result to be stilted. That is to say, the words they select in their writing or oral presentations may end up being silly. Again, most people assume a blind person is blind. If one refers to a blind person as â€Å"optically challenged† then one may discover the audience laughing at the choice of words. This is because it is obvious the individual is going really out of the way to avoid hurting anyone’s feelings. Granted, this end result may avoid offense but it could also yield laughter. If that was not the intended result of your actions then the actions would be deemed a flop. Sorry to be so blunt but this is the common end result of going to ridiculous extremes in order be politically correct at the expense of using â€Å"good† language. There are, however, some benefits to politically correct speech. This is most evident in the workplace. Remember when it comes to success in the workplace success will often be based around relationships with people. If your relationships with others are not as best as they can be then you may discover your career suffering. This would obviously be a bad situation and best avoided. Since one of the most common ways of developing bad relationships is through offending people seeking to be more politically correct in your dialogue would not be a bad idea. If you are involved in the insurance sales business there will be a multitude of people whom you will come in contact. As such, you would want these people to feel as comfortable as possible and opt to avoid using words that may prove offensive. For example, you would want to avoid calling the elderly â€Å"old† if you come in contact with such individuals. Sticking with the term â€Å"senior citizen† would be a much wiser option. Of course, you will want to select words that are sensible and not silly. There is a fine line between politeness and parody when it comes to speaking in a politically correct manner. However, if you use simple logic and common sense in your approach to selecting politically correct terms you will avoid many of the common â€Å"political correctness† pitfalls associated with the movement.

Explore the similarities and differences between the three examples of speech Essay

Explore the similarities and differences between the three examples of speech, including a consideration of the different contexts in which the texts were produced and how the speakers convey attitudes and values. Text A was both published and delivered by David Lloyd George as a speech in 1914. ‘The great pinnacle of sacrifice’ is a text of persuasion in support of the war. It does not have the benefit of hindsight that we have today, which allows us to establish a context an audience of 1914 would not have been able to do. Lloyd George opens with the concrete noun â€Å"The people†, this puts everyone into a metaphorical firing line, underlining the purpose that everyone will benefit from going to war. â€Å"Great menace† and â€Å"Freedom† are superlative noun phrases that are juxtaposed to reinforce the opinion that by going to war all unpleasant necessities will be avoided. Lloyd George uses the declarative â€Å"That is not all†; this emphatic, simple sentence shows he doesn’t allow room for interpretation, which is typical of political speech. He uses the collocation â€Å"new† and â€Å"old† in an attempt to rank all members of society together as an act of capturing this equal status. He continues with the comparative adjectives â€Å"richer/nobler† suggesting how life could be as a result, making the future seem rosy. Lloyd George refers to imagery taken from the Bible â€Å"Great food of luxury†. He uses this metaphor to explain something complicated. By evoking this biblical imagery of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ he is making use of intertextuality to reach the audience on a higher emotional level that his expression alone could never master. David Lloyd George continues to raise hopes and ideas of the future by using the inclusive modal verb â€Å"we can see†; this is clearly an indication of him trying to heighten hope in the situation with talk of new possibilities. Again he uses a modal verb â€Å"May†, this politeness marker allows him to gain encouragement through civility. This passive form of verbs makes the audience realise it’s their responsibility. He reinforces this action with the repetition of â€Å"too†, how far Britain has let things slip, not concentrating on wider things. He also continues with the religious lexis by incorporating a parable into his speech. This gives a higher prominence to the speech by creating a gentle atmosphere. Lloyd George successfully reinforces his discourse with this illustrated spiritual truth, allowing him to justify his words, as if it’s ‘God’s Will’. He then renders a personal feel to the piece by using concrete nouns â€Å"mountain† â€Å"sea† for the audience to crate a visual atmosphere; â€Å"beautiful valley† he is referring to Britain metaphorically, underpinning the fact that we should not turn a blind eye. â€Å"Hand†, they will be cleansed of all bad things at the time. The images following this is vital to David Lloyd George’s speech, his use of informal words, sentences, convergence results in bringing them closer together makes him, his speech and ultimately the war seem less intimidating. The audience is a variety of social classes, certainly adults and David Lloyd George’s use of the polysyllabic lexis towards the end creates his intended aim. The use of pre-modifiers and superlatives create a sense of euphoria, he is using them to rouse people up. He does not hide the fact that people are going to die, but he covers it up by calling it a sacrifice, this is one of many euphemisms he uses to create passion and intensity in his speech. Towards the end his innotation and stressed syllables becomes more frequent and his passion increases. His speech is obviously non-spontaneous, there are no non-fluency features, which is typical of political speech. He needs to achieve maximum effect through his language, therefore there is no room for mistakes. There are stages that his language goes through. Abstract nouns start the speech with a form of negativity, which progresses to end on a positive note. From â€Å"struggle† to â€Å"honour† and â€Å"glory†. It therefore succeeds in its purpose to inspire. Text B is from the final episode of the comedy series ‘Blackadder Goes Forth’. Scene two: The Dug-Out contains the three main characters of the series; Blackadder, George and Baldrick, whose status is in the same order. They each successfully create black humour towards the satire of the piece, reinforcing it’s main purpose to entertain. The audience would have been expected to have prior knowledge to the screening of Blackadder in 1992. Their familiarity with the Thatcher situation of the 1982 Falklands War allows them hindsight to the broadcasting of the programme; Giving the audience the opportunity to enjoy the black comedy. The extract opens with spoken language and the manner is both formal and informal. The informality is marked by the co-ordianting conjunctions in Baldrick’s speech; â€Å"So†, â€Å"And†, he is topic linking. Plus his repetition of â€Å"Right?† creates a sense of understanding. His phatic /child-like language is a satirical point that Baldrick doesn’t understand what is happening (the war). The formality of the text is indicated through the military lexis, Baldrick’s utterance; â€Å"Permission to ask a question, sir† The vocative again consolidates the fact that Baldrick is the inferior character. The field specific lexis allows us an insight to the visual aspect of the situation; â€Å"war started†, â€Å"shot† â€Å"history† â€Å"prevent†. There is a great deal of uncertainty in their speech; â€Å"isn’t it?† â€Å"right?† â€Å"well† these interrogatives again mirror how peo ple in their position would have felt: confused. The context is juxtaposed for the affect of the audience. The comedy value is played against the military content of the scene. Status plays a big part in this as Blackadder’s superiority enables him to act sarcastically and be exceedingly patronising towards George: â€Å"George, I hardly think we can be entirely absolved from blame on the imperialistic front.† His relaxed innotaion is highly demeaning, he wants to deflate George to reinforce his position of superiority. His inferior/ sarcastic humour is used best with George through the hyperbole â€Å"(small) sausage†, the emphasis placed on the alliteration also adds to the comedy. When speaking to Baldrick his patronising attitude is less abrupt, he somewhat creates a father/son relationship; â€Å"Well possibly† the convergence shows that Blackadder is making the distance smaller between them by letting Baldrick down gently, this also creates a teacher/pupil relationship, Blackadder sees himself as an educator, maybe this is an easier option. Blackadder’s paralinguistic features show how he treats Baldrick with contempt: â€Å"As long as it isn’t the one about where babies come from.† This is humorous, but also making a veiled connotation to Baldrick’s intelligence (maturity-childlike). Blackadder is de-meaning him for his audience. Whichever way Blackadder places his patronising attitude whether it is tentative or demeaning he his only after his official goal; to obtain and prove his superior rank to the audience. Baldrick’s total lack of understanding and through his connective declarative; â€Å"So, the poor old ostrich died for nothing† proves he has learned nothing and produces a more comical affect as his statement is not connected at all to George’s last utterance. George uses fairly racist, harsh language; pre-modifier â€Å"vile†, which British soldiers would have used at the time and the fact that he is totally un-shocked by Blackadder’s expletive language â€Å"It was bollocks† (which would have shocked audiences at the time) allows us to feel a slight pity towards his passion in his order in rank. George’s patrism makes a slight insight to his idiotism; â€Å"Henry VIII and his Six Knives†. The fact that these three characters with their different status in society have been stuck together for a long time creates the humorous content needed to steer clear of the harsh reality of a War, I feel it’s main purpose is therefore to entertain. Text C is an extract of spoken language and the manner is formal as it is three educators discussing the affects of both WWI and II. The formality is marked through the subject specific lexis; â€Å"†Second world war† â€Å"first world war† â€Å"German† â€Å"Hitler†. On the contrary the extract does not contain a title or specific names this suggests a familiarity between the speakers, highlighting an informal manner on the conversation. The conversation revolves around turn taking and object of male and female roles is then looked at in greater depth. MP initiates the conversation; â€Å"it seems to me† the use of the first person pronoun suggests his need to express his opinion first. JD corrects MP throughout the conversation and dominates him with his knowledge and understanding of the subject. This is expected as JD majors in History. MP’s use of fillers; â€Å"um† and one-second pauses prove his speech to be less detailed than JD, due to his lack in subject knowledge. MP’s repetition; â€Å"imponderables (.) Um (.) vague imponderables† is very characteristic of a spontaneous conversation and this is reinforced by his nature to interrupt. LT, being the only female turn taker, is slightly mistreated as her turns are rather like interruptions or comments. However she does disrupt the male on male battle by responding and supporting her opinion, ultimately for the affect to assert her inferiority. â€Å"Opposed to you know†, nevertheless her informal utterance indicates her lack of confidence suggesting she does need reassurance, which may be true of ‘typical women in conversation’. The extract is very much Fact versus Opinion. JD is the biggest turn-taker as he is the more confident speaker in subject knowledge. Unlike MP his long utterance clearly has strong opinions, but he uses fact. Emphasis in JD’s long utterance is always words that explain ideas, suggesting he is used to explaining concepts, reinforcing his ability as a teacher. This is true for all three speakers, as the piece does not contain many informal remarks, suggesting their ability to talk passionately about a topic. â€Å"Was about 1911, 1912 when they had some crises with the British and French to 1918†, JD’s complex use of figures stress the fact that his points are substantial however MP overlaps his turn, signifying him as the principal speaker. MP’s overlap occurs due to a male on male debate, they are both competing for talk-time, in spite of this JD’s complex and detailed utterances indicate his own passionate attitude reinforcing his position as the dominant speaker. Thomas completes JD’s sentence, again suggesting a familiarity; â€Å"it just provided them with the opportunity didn’t it†. The topic loop forms closeness between them rather than a form of ignorance that can be shown between both male speakers. LT’s inferior position is again obtained through her use of a rhetorical interrogative. It is a tag question, not only proving her lack of confidence but also accentuating a stereotype of war and men. From this extract it is shown to be true that men speak more in groups then women, although all speakers have the ability of hindsight. The purpose I feel is highly informational, and the ideas raised prove it is a conversation of opinions, thus status. Both Blackadder and Teacher Speech create a formal and informal manner. Their informality is marked through the familiarity between characters; Baldrick and Blackadder (father/son relationship) and teachers; LT and JD (use of topic loops). Baldrick’s informal manner may be related to the audience of David Lloyd George’s speech; the uncertainty in his speech â€Å"isn’t it?† â€Å"right?† mirror how his audience would have felt: confused. Lloyd George uses biblical imagery to his own effect, by the use of a parable he is able to reach his audience on an emotional level, Blackadder and Teacher’s Speech differs, as their field specific lexis is both resting on the military aspect. However, there is a similarity between Lloyd George and Blackadder as they both try to cover up the actual harsh reality or the War; Blackadder – through black humour and Lloyd George – through biblical language. Teacher’s Speech is very much Fact versus Opinion, this may be said for all three texts. Lloyd George has an â€Å"opinion† and through his use of concrete nouns â€Å"the people† and religious imagery â€Å"food of luxury† he is able to persuade his audience in support of the war. On the contrary, Balckadder uses â€Å"fact† his speech to obtain superiority over the two characters, making his utterances more believable. However George speaks of his â€Å"opinions† and his harsh, racial attitude makes seem appear displeasing to an audience of today. However an audience of Lloyd George’s time would have related to his anger. Blackadder uses his knowledge to form a patronising attitude, to ultimately obtain his rightful status, JD in the same way uses his knowledge and understanding of the field specific lexis to obtain his superior status; utterances does not contain many informal remarks suggesting his ability to talk passionately about a topic and finally Lloyd George uses no non-fluency features, typical of political speech in order to raise his status over his audience. The main difference between all three texts is their purpose. I feel this may be because of the dates in which each text was created. David Lloyd George is the earliest of the three and this is not only clear through his strong use of biblical imagery, but his main aim to uplift and ignite positivity in his audience, who do not have the benefit of hindsight. Therefore its purpose is to inspire. Blackadder is next on the time-scale and the audience of 1992 are able to have hindsight and are therefore able to understand the black humour towards the satire of the piece. Hence it’s main purpose to entertain. And finally Teacher’s Speech has an informational purpose, containing ideas and opinions that only the benefit of hindsight would allow us to summon and understand. It is acknowledgeable that through the passing of time, a subject from long ago may still be discussed and has the same ability to cause confusion and passion in the lives of people everywhere. The people of 1914, Lloyd George’s Speech, may have had different views or opinions to an audience of 1992, Blackadder and present day, Teacher’s speech, but the topic of the effects of the War is still as easily roused now as it was then. The people of today are able to obtain the same passion as the people of 1914, seeing that their lives would not be the same if the older generations of their family hadn’t fought so bravely and created that passion to begin with. Time is not an excuse to lose acknowledgement and enthusiasm.

Alcohol related crime drops after introduction of Essays

Alcohol related crime drops after introduction of Essays Alcohol related crime drops after introduction of new licensing laws (08 February 2006 16:06) Alcohol related crime has fallen in the months after the introduction of new licensing laws in England and Wales, according to the latest Home Office figures. Figures from the six-week Alcohol Misuse Enforcement Campaign (AMEC), which ran from November through the Christmas period, showed violent crime was down 11%. [pic]Critics of the licensing liberalisation, which began on the 24 November, had predicted longer opening hours would lead to soaring levels of violence as binge drinkers drank around the clock. However, the new figures show this has not been the case. Serious violent crime related to alcohol fell 21% during the period, which was the biggest drop of all previous alcohol crackdowns. Mark Hastings, director of Communications at the British Beer & Pub Association, said: "Clearly, the combination of flexible opening hours and law enforcement is having a positive impact. The projections of Government and the industry have proved far closer to the truth than the prophesies of the peddlers of doom and gloom." Culture secretary Tessa Jowell said: "Thanks to the new licensing laws, the police and local authorities have joined forces to use tougher powers to deal with the problem [disorder] at source." By Chris Druce In 08 February 2006 new licensing law was introduced. According to the Home Office figures alcohol related crime has fallen in the months after the introduction of new laws in England and Wales,. Moreover serious violent crime related to alcohol fell 21% during the period, because of longer opening of the pubs. As Mark Hastings, director of communication at British Beer and pub association, said: "clearly, the combination of flexible opening hours and law enforcement is having a positive impact. The projections of Government and the industry have proved far closer to the truth than the prophesies of the peddlers of doom and gloom." Culture secretary Tessa Jowell said: "Thanks to the new licensing laws, the police and local authorities have joined forces to use tougher powers to deal with the problem [disorder] at However it is still a problem for a many people. Research has shown that brief interventions are most effective when they are preformed by someone patients consider an authority figure, someone who they already trust or someone with whom they already feel comfortable. These interventions have been successful with both younger and older patients, and with both men and women. Interventions that include personal follow-up are more effective than a single-contact intervention. What alcohol does to your mind and body The immediate effects of alcohol on the human body are fairly apparent, but have you ever thought about the other side-effects? We don't just mean headaches and nausea - alcohol is thought to be highly calorific and can pose long term threats to our health. . Why does alcohol seem to make me put on weight? . What are the good and bad effects? . New research about alcohol Why does alcohol seem to make me put on weight? It's just a question of maths! Approximately 3,500 calories will produce one pound of fat. Alcohol is full of calories, so, two or three G&Ts a day for four weeks will fatten you up by about 4lbs. |Drink |Number of calories | |1 pint of beer or lager |180 - 300 | |1 vodka and orange |140 | |1 gin and tonic |140 | |1 whisky and dry ginger |145 | |1 rum and coke |145 | |1 glass of white wine |85 | Even worse news is that alcohol has no essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. [pic] What are the good and bad effects? Alcohol affects everyone's health in different ways - but the good things are still outweighed by the bad. Mind and emotions Alcohol is a drug that depresses the brain. We all know the cheeriness that can come with the first drink, but alcohol can actually cause severe depression. 'Letting go', another effect which can initially be pleasant, gets some of us into difficulties, because when our petty or angry side gets exaggerated by alcohol, friendships or marriages can be threatened. Does alcohol improve sex? Alcohol can certainly increase our desire and, by reducing tension, enhance our enjoyment. In men however, large doses of alcohol block the nerves necessary for erection. If this happens once or twice, a man can become worried about his sexual ability - which is a sure way to impair erections from then on - unless confidence is re-established with a sympathetic partner. In addition, the loss of inhibition that accompanies alcohol intake can lead to a failure to consider the

Reasons for U.S. involvement in WWI essays

Reasons for U.S. involvement in WWI essays There is more than one good reason that we should join World War I. 1) The German government has continuously attacked innocent Americans on the open sea. Even though they promised to stop sinking civilian ships, they did it again. They didn't just do it again once, they did it again three times killing about 103 civilians. The Germans have made the Americans many treaties that they would not aim for non-military ships, but never kept this promise. Killing innocent civilians shall not be acceptable. The fact that the Germans are killing innocent Americans makes the brutes. 2) We must fight for democracy and kill the brutes, as only then the world will be safe for democracy again. President Wilson said that we must make the world safe for democracy. One can honestly say that this is really a war of barbarian vs. democracy. After all, the Germans have an emperor (a dictator) and all of the allied nations have different kinds of representative governments. 3) And yet again th ere is another great American belief that supports my argument of going to war with Germany, this one is called capitalism. You see, many American banks have already made small loans to the country of Great Britain, and many more to come. The more we loan England, the more back we will receive. Then again, we do not want to lose these loans. To ensure that we get these loans back with their interest, Great Britain must win the war. If Great Britain wins the war than we can be sure that we will receive the cash we deserve in full. Also, 4) if the Germans and their alliances win the war, they will most likely try to conquer the rest of the world later, including the U.S. If the Germans were already killing innocent people now, and were already not sticking to any of their treaties to the U.S., what is to stop them from trying to take over America? The Germans think of themselves as an empire already, and pride would motivate them to take over the res...

Mimesis Definition and Use

Mimesis Definition and Use Mimesis is a  rhetorical term for the imitation, reenactment, or re-creation of someone elses words, ​the manner of speaking, and/or delivery.   As Matthew Potolsky notes in his book Mimesis (Routledge, 2006), the definition of mimesis is remarkably flexible and changes greatly over time and across cultural contexts (50). Here are some examples below.   Peachams Definition of Mimesis Mimesis is an imitation of speech whereby the Orator counterfeits not only what one said, but also his utterance, pronunciation, and gesture, imitating everything as it was, which is always well performed, and naturally represented in an apt and skillful actor.This form of imitation is commonly abused by flattering jesters and common parasites, who for the pleasure of those whom they flatter, do both deprave and deride other mens sayings and doings. Also this figure may be much blemished, either by excess or defect, which maketh the imitation unlike unto that it ought to be. (Henry Peacham, The Garden of Eloquence, 1593) Platos View of Mimesis In Platos Republic (392d), . . . Socrates criticizes the mimetic forms as tending to corrupt performers whose roles may involve expression of passions or wicked deeds, and he bars such poetry from his ideal state. In Book 10 (595a-608b), he returns to the subject and extends his criticism beyond dramatic imitation to include all poetry and all visual art, on the ground that the arts are only poor, third-hand imitations of true reality existing in the realm of ideas. . . .Aristotle did not accept Platos theory of the visible world as an imitation of the realm of abstract ideas or forms, and his use of mimesis is closer to the original dramatic meaning. (George A. Kennedy, Imitation. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. by Thomas O. Sloane. Oxford University Press, 2001) Aristotles View of Mimesis Two basic but indispensable requirements for a better appreciation of Aristotles perspective on mimesis . . . deserve immediate foregrounding. The first is to grasp the inadequacy of the still prevalent translation of mimesis as imitation, a translation inherited from a period of neoclassicism is which its force had different connotations from those now available. . . . [T]he semantic field of imitation in modern English (and of its equivalents in other languages) has become too narrow and predominately pejorativetypically implying a limited aim of copying, superficial replication, or counterfeitingto do justice to the sophisticated thinking of Aristotle . . .. The second requirement is to recognize that we are not dealing here with a wholly unified concept, still less with a term that possesses a single, literal meaning, but rather with a rich locus of aesthetic issues relating to the status, significance, and effects of several types of artistic representation. (Stephen Halliwell, The Aesthetics of Mimesis: Ancient Texts and Modern Problems. Princeton University Press, 2002) Mimesis and Creativity [R]hetoric in the service of mimesis, rhetoric as imaging power, is far from being imitative in the sense of reflecting a preexistent reality. Mimesis becomes poesis, imitation becomes making, by giving form and pressure to a presumed reality . . ..(Geoffrey H. Hartman, Understanding Criticism, in A Critics Journey: Literary Reflections, 1958-1998. Yale University Press, 1999)[T]he tradition of imitatio anticipates what literary theorists have called intertextuality, the notion that all cultural products are a tissue of narratives and images borrowed from a familiar storehouse. Art absorbs and manipulates these narratives and images rather than creating anything wholly new. From ancient Greece to the beginnings of Romanticism, familiar stories and images circulated throughout Western culture, often anonymously. (Matthew Potolsky, Mimesis. Routledge, 2006)

Answer the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Answer the questions - Essay Example Yes the author supported the facts adequately but the statistics were not displayed to strengthen the facts, No, the authorities were not quoted but the analogy was portrayed in an appropriate manner. The grounds provided are fairly acceptable as they related with the reality to a greater extent. Yes, writers assumptions are highly acceptable. that videogames are inculcating anti-social temperament in children. Children find it amusing and entertaining, thereby they are encouraging market of the videogame, but children do not have the wisdom to check the game rating and content and therefore author wants that parents should use their wisdom to guide their wards. Yes, writer has considered all the relevant points except the psychological implication of these games, lack of physical output leading to sedentary lifestyle and eventually obesity has not been highlighted which is becoming the root cause of all ailments prevalent in present epoch in children. The author is targeting affluent class who can spend a lot to meet their childs demand and to the parents who are busy in their own pursuits with little time for their kids. These approaches provide poor understanding in children about good or bad temperament and thus inculcates the feeling of practically performing what they witness or practice in their games. The tone of the author is mild and appealing which is very helpful to generate awareness amongst mass especially for parents. The author seems to be an aware individual who wants to reform the society and prevailing hostile attitude. Although the author has tried to develop ethos but could have done more on the psychological aspects as well to generate impact on parents outlook and future implications of these

Alternatives to Globalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternatives to Globalization - Research Paper Example The phenomenon of Globalization is not new and has been around even before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, however it has been deeply controversial as there have been two schools of thoughts i.e. the advocates of globalization and the opponents; debating over the concept of globalization ever since it has been coined. The advocates of globalization argue that globalization has harnessed various positive initiatives as it allows the developing countries and its citizen to better develop economically and increase their standards of living, as free market allows efficient allocation of resources with which all the countries involved are benefitted. It also perpetuates economic freedom in terms of democracy and capitalism. The integration and interaction that is achieved through globalization, it allows international cooperation in solving major global issues concerning the human rights issues or the environmental issues such as global warming. Globalization also helps in pr omotion of a unified culture and frame of reference thus mitigating the misconceptions harbored and enforcing more understanding of each other.

Hallenges and potential advantages in adopting the International Research Paper

Hallenges and potential advantages in adopting the International Financial Reporting Standard for - Research Paper Example Besides that, the users of the financial statement of the SMEs are also benefitted from this, since the information provided can be compared with the international standards as the SMEs are also seen to deal with the venture capital firms, credit rating agencies, customers, suppliers, financial institutions and investors who are operating outside the home countries of the SMEs. However, the extant IFRSs cannot be used to meet the need of SME financial statement comparable to the international standard as they are designed especially to meet the financial reporting needs of the large businesses, that are operating in the globalised financial market and very little in regards to the economic compliance burden on the smaller businesses (Devi, 2003; IASB, 2009; Thompson, Sian & Roberts, 2006). Moreover, the SMEs cannot be considered as the smaller version of large businesses, which suggests the way that users will utilize the financial statement and accounting expertise along with their ability to bear the cost of financial reporting, which also differs from those of the large publicly traded companies (IASB, 2009). There are enough literatures that provide evidences regarding the appropriateness of IFRS for the SMEs (Chand, Patel & Cummings, 2006; Eierle, Haller & Beiersdorf, 2007; MAZARS, 2008; Sian & Roberts, 2008; Fu? lbier & Gassen, 2010; Neag, Masca & Pa?scan, 2009; Van Wyk & Rossouw, 2009) but there is need of additional research, since most of the researches were restricted only to some specific context. Therefore, this research focuses on the advantages and challenges that the SMEs of UAE will face on adopting the IFRS. Research Question The research question that this study will try to answer is the benefits that the small and medium sized enterprises, along with the suppliers of fund, will enjoy due to closure of the information gap. This information gap is produced as most of the SMEs are following non-standardized financial reporting techniques in UAE, which makes the evaluation of the performance of the enterprises more difficult. Literature Review Factors that lead the SMEs to adapt to the IFRS While developing the IFRS for the SMEs, the IASB has taken into consideration the important firm-level aspects. IASB has argued that there is a requirement for the global SMEs to prepare their financial reporting as per the international standards because of the users of their financial statement and the international structure and activities, in which the SMEs are engaged (IASB, 2009). In this context, the board has argued that the extant IFRS fails to meet the need of the financial reporting of the SMEs compared to the international standards, since they are complex in nature and poses significant amount of economic burden and compliance on the SMEs. Therefore, the following sections look at the prior literatures and highlight the characteristics of the firm, which will attempt to find the necessity of IFRS for the SMEs and its appropr iateness for financial report

UK financial services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

UK financial services - Essay Example This in turn led to a sequential inductive effect on other countries’ economies, which eventually caused a global financial crisis. This shows the power that that the United Kingdom’s financial services sector wields. This paper will discuss various aspects of the financial services sector in the UK, including the main financial services product types and their functions; financial advice; UK taxation and social security systems; and inflation, interest rate volatility and other relevant socio-economic factors. By the end of this paper, I hope to have examined, evaluated, and discussed the United Kingdom’s financial services sector with regards to these aspects. Key words Financial services; interest rate volatility; inflation; social security systems i) The Main Financial Services product types and their Functions Banking UK banks are generally public limited companies (plcs) that are owned by shareholders.The banking sector in the UK has the second largest asse ts in the world ($11 trillion). It offers borrowing and lending services, corporate financing, financial advice, and other financial services. The Bank of England regulates lending and borrowing rates by setting interest rates. By doing this, it also regulates foreign exchange services, cost of goods and services, the money market, and the cost of doing business. When it comes to international banking, the UK is the largest individual market for bank borrowing and lending. Approximately 20% of cross-border trading and 22% of borrowing is organized in the UK. The county also has a long tradition of well-developed systems for processing complex transactions, as well as a strong regard for corporate activity. The UK banking industry is very diverse, and this is shown by the presence of over 551 international banks in London alone in 2007. By comparison, New York has 250, Paris 271, and Frankfurt 280 (British Invisibles 2009, pg. 22). The UK also has very dynamic money markets which cat er for institutional/corporate customer activity in forward and spot markets as well as the proprietary trading activities of banks. In April 2009, the United Kingdom estimated to have a 36% share of the total worldwide foreign exchange turnover with around $1.7bn daily. Local retail banking is entrenched in the UK, with 5 big banks leading the way. These are Lloyds Banking Group, Barclays, HSBC, Santander, and RBS Group. Together, these banks control around 65% or more of the total retail banking market in the UK (Copperfield 2010, pg. 27). There are about 52 building societies which complement banks. The largest of these are Yorkshire, Skipton, Coventry, and Nationwide. There are also a couple of retail groups (Marks & Spencer, Tesco and Sainsbury’s) which provide a variety of financial services products ranging from current accounts to credit cards and insurance (Copperfield 2010, pg. 33). Capital Markets Securities trading and issuance (including trading of commodities an d derivatives) is done by more than 170 firms headquartered London, and is dominated by international banks like Barclays Capital, Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup, Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch, and JP Morgan. It is a sub-sector that is also consolidated since 60% is controlled by the top seven entities. The UK accounts for about 25% of the total banking fee revenues in the Europe, while London

Business cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business cycle - Essay Example The business cycle occurs in five distinct stages, which include growth, peak, recession, trough, and recovery. Whenever the business cycle is at recession, the business general, economic performance is bad (Elwell 123). In fact, it results to adverse economic elements such as inflation, unemployment, losses to corporation, and decline in investment levels. On the other hand, period of growth and peak are desirable in that they are characterized by strong economic signals such as high employment levels, price stability, profitability of firms, and high investment levels. It is therefore, preferable that the economy operates on growth or peak season. Three key economic variables that characterize a business cycle Economists have unearthed three causes of a business cycle, which include employment, inflation, and interest rates. During trough or recession period, the interest rates are high, which means that the cost of acquiring capital for investing is business is high. This, therefo re, implies that less people are taking up loans for investment. With investment levels low, the unemployment levels in the economy will go down. As such, trends continue to soar; the overall effect is that the economy may go into a trough. In order to revive the economy from such adverse trends, the government usually comes up with expansionary policies such as increasing public expenditure as well as reducing the rate of capital to encourage investment and reduce the unemployment rates. The other factor that characterizes the business cycle includes the issue of inflation. During the times of recession or trough, the economy is characterized by price volatility. The price of goods and services usually go up making life difficult for the majority of households. Whenever, the economy has high prices, the business cycle is affected negatively implying indirect relationship between inflation and business cycle. The other factor that affects business cycle is the issue of productivity. During peak and growth period since the economic cycle, the economy is always characterized by high productivity. Hamilton (119) says that it is important that government of the day and the management of various businesses put in place deliberate measures to ensure productivity through quality education and training, investment in infrastructure, and better government policies that encourage productivity. The good business environment in developed economies such as United States of America examines why their economy is rarely affected by adverse economic cycle such as recession and trough. Characteristics of Recession Economic pundits refer to recession as a period exceeding two quarters in which an economy is grappling with a negative trend in GDP. The major characteristic of recession is a reduction in investment spending. During periods of recession, the interest rates are always high which in turn results to increase in cost of capital (Smiley 221). Increase in cost of capital makes it very expensive to service loans hence less money is available for investment. The other critical characteristic of recession is high unemployment rate. During recession, the level of

Use of paramedics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Use of paramedics - Essay Example provide Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, first aid treatment before or during the transport to the hospital as there are some cases where the medical care given during the transport to the hospital is at most crucial in saving a life. People who provide paramedic care are usually called â€Å"Ambulance Paramedic† or â€Å"Ambulance Officers†. Although there is no institutionalized education attainment required to be a paramedic officer, paramedic schools prefer to accept those with University degrees (What is A Paramedic, n.d.). Today, the roles of Paramedics are continuously being redefined especially because of the increasing demand for their services. Reportedly, there has been a higher incident count of those who suffer cardiovascular and mental illnesses that require paramedic care. Also with the aging population that is usually involved in medical conditions that need immediate care, nurses are slowly being replaced by paramedics to respond to community needs (What is A Paramedic, n.d.). There are a lot of reasons why paramedics are slowly taking the roles of nurses today. One of which would be the shortage of nurses in some communities due to the educational requirement that a lot of people are not able to complete (Paramedics fill in for ICU nurses, n.d.). Aside from that, there is a high percentage of medical cases today that need immediate medical care as patients learn about their illness only after experiencing an attack and needing cure already rather than being able to practice prevention. This says a lot of about our current lifestyle where people are surrounded with stress, busy schedule, inactive routine, and a lot of fast food alternatives which are unhealthy. With this said, helicopter emergency services is now being integrated in emergency rescue process. Helicopter emergency services are used to improve the efficiency of patient transport and increase mortality rate among severely injured patients especially those that are in inaccessible places

Business cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business cycle - Essay Example The business cycle occurs in five distinct stages, which include growth, peak, recession, trough, and recovery. Whenever the business cycle is at recession, the business general, economic performance is bad (Elwell 123). In fact, it results to adverse economic elements such as inflation, unemployment, losses to corporation, and decline in investment levels. On the other hand, period of growth and peak are desirable in that they are characterized by strong economic signals such as high employment levels, price stability, profitability of firms, and high investment levels. It is therefore, preferable that the economy operates on growth or peak season. Three key economic variables that characterize a business cycle Economists have unearthed three causes of a business cycle, which include employment, inflation, and interest rates. During trough or recession period, the interest rates are high, which means that the cost of acquiring capital for investing is business is high. This, therefo re, implies that less people are taking up loans for investment. With investment levels low, the unemployment levels in the economy will go down. As such, trends continue to soar; the overall effect is that the economy may go into a trough. In order to revive the economy from such adverse trends, the government usually comes up with expansionary policies such as increasing public expenditure as well as reducing the rate of capital to encourage investment and reduce the unemployment rates. The other factor that characterizes the business cycle includes the issue of inflation. During the times of recession or trough, the economy is characterized by price volatility. The price of goods and services usually go up making life difficult for the majority of households. Whenever, the economy has high prices, the business cycle is affected negatively implying indirect relationship between inflation and business cycle. The other factor that affects business cycle is the issue of productivity. During peak and growth period since the economic cycle, the economy is always characterized by high productivity. Hamilton (119) says that it is important that government of the day and the management of various businesses put in place deliberate measures to ensure productivity through quality education and training, investment in infrastructure, and better government policies that encourage productivity. The good business environment in developed economies such as United States of America examines why their economy is rarely affected by adverse economic cycle such as recession and trough. Characteristics of Recession Economic pundits refer to recession as a period exceeding two quarters in which an economy is grappling with a negative trend in GDP. The major characteristic of recession is a reduction in investment spending. During periods of recession, the interest rates are always high which in turn results to increase in cost of capital (Smiley 221). Increase in cost of capital makes it very expensive to service loans hence less money is available for investment. The other critical characteristic of recession is high unemployment rate. During recession, the level of

Oceanography Today Essay Example for Free

Oceanography Today Essay The speed of sound waves in the ocean ranges from 4,800 to 5,100 feet per second, depending on water temperature, salinity, and depth. This speed is about 4 and ? times the average speed of sound waves in the air. Sound waves can travel great distances in regions of minimum velocity called sound channels. In 1960 the sound from depth charges exploded by a Columbia University research ship off southwestern Australia was detected in a sound channel by hydrophones off Bermuda, 12,000 miles away. In addition to determining the shape of the ocean floor, sonar equipment is used for navigation, to locate submerged submarines, and to locate schools of fish. Porpoises and certain species of sea lions have a natural form of sonar. They emit high- frequency sound pulses, which they use to avoid collisions and to search for food. A fully submerged submarine can communicate with a nearby submarine or surface ship by means of an underwater telephone. This device transmits voice signals directly through water. Reference: 1. Blair, Carvel. (1986). Exploring the Sea: Oceanography Today. Random House Publishing.

Literature Review of Buyer Behaviour Models

Literature Review of Buyer Behaviour Models The purpose of marketing is to make consumers develop an urge for a particular product even if they are not looking for the same. That is why organisations are required to understand the behaviour of customers before marketing their products in a more desirable way. Consumer behaviour is defined as the way the consumers act or behave when looking for, buying and using products (ODougherty, Haynes, Davies OConnor, 2007). Consumer behaviour is significant to businesses as they determine the nature of the prospective buyers. Knowing consumer behaviour helps business enterprises to find out the best way to advertise the products in order to attract a particular set of consumers. In the earlier times, shop keepers were able to acquire a fair understanding of consumer behaviour because they sold their products directly to the customers. However, with the increasing growth in the size of firms, opportunities of direct contact with consumers have lowered. Increasingly, managers are investing more to gain an insight on consumer behaviour. As a consequence, business and academic researchers invest more resources in studying consumer energy for the improvement of businesses. Literature Review Several academics and professional have conducted their research on consumer behaviour. A review of the literatures would include significant theories and studies in this perspective. Stimulus-Behaviour Model One of the oldest models in regards to consumer behaviour is stimulus-behaviour model. The following model propagates that marketing and other stimuli influence the buyers black box, producing certain responses (The Institute for Working Futures, n.d.). The stimuli can be of two kinds. The marketing stimuli or the marketing mix consist of 4 Ps including product, price, place and promotion. Others include economic, technological, political and cultural stimuli. All these stimuli move through the consumers black box and help them to make the product choice, brand choice, purchasing timing and purchasing amount. Figure 1: Stimulus-Behaviour Model (Source: Tyagi Kumar, 2004) Apart from this simplified model, several other models have been developed by the marketing scholars in the field of consumer behaviour. The most prominent models have been developed by John A. Howard and Jagdish N Sheth, Francesco M. Nicosia, James F. Engel, Roger D. Blackwell and David T. Kollat. The five stage model of buying process includes steps like recognizing the problems, searching for information, evaluating the alternatives, purchasing decision and post purchase behaviour of the consumers. After purchasing the products, the buyer is expected to feel some level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction regarding the product or service acquired. The number of organisational buying processes can be quite large. Product and service marketers have recognized that at every step of the buying process, the purchaser can have different requirements and various groups can get involved in the same. Buy Grid Model According to the Buy Grid model, the process of decision making within an organisation has two parts including buy phase model and buy class model. The stages in the Buy Phase model are quite similar to the buying stages discussed above. After identifying the requirements, industrial buyers pass through a number of processes including determination of requirements, specific description of the same, search for probable sources, assessment of the sources, selection of the same, establishment of order routine and appraisal of the performance feedback (Baker Hart, 2003). Figure 2: Buy Grid Model (Source: Baker Hart, 2003) Buy class has been added to the same model to create a grid. Buy class model refers to the various types of buying decisions; the decisions are mostly based on consumers experience about specific products or services. The new buying decision takes into account the products and services which have never been acquired, along with the entire process. The straight re-buy process and modified re-buy process consider less number of tasks as consumers do not need to spend time on searching for sources (Dwyer Fanner, 2008). Industrial Buying Behaviour Back in the year 1973, Sheth had proposed a model on the industrial buyers behaviour. The model is a complex one with a large number of variables integrated in it. Figure 3: An Integrated Model of Industrial Buying Behaviour (Source: Sheth, 1973) The model considers many variables. However, all of these variables hold relevance in the process that determines purchase decisions. Certain conditions are there which can be simplified depending on the situation. Prior to that, in the year 1966, Nicosia has proposed a model which included attitude, motivation and experience as the driving force behind the purchase process (Swarbrooke Horner, 2007). Buyer Seller Interaction In 1985, Campbell criticized the Sheth model for not considering the interplay between the marketing and purchasing strategies and their antecedents. Another disadvantage is that the model concentrates on the buyers side rather than paying attention to the sellers influence on buying behaviour. In contrast, an interaction model introduced by IMP group has focussed mostly on the interaction of the two parties giving almost equal importance to the characteristics of both the buyers and the sellers. According to the Campbell, the model includes three variable groups: the buyers characteristics, the product and the supplier. Figure 4: Buyer Seller Interaction (Source: Baker Hart, 2003) The above model considers few probable types of buyer and seller interaction strategies. These are competitive, cooperative and command. A joint occurrence of the above mentioned strategies can happen if both the parties have almost similar level of power and the switching cost to other suppliers is almost equal for every case. In command buying, the consumer is expected to have more power than the vendor. Cooperative buying mostly happens between the manufacturer and the distributor of the products, when cooperation is required between the two. The above model shows buyers and sellers characteristics with detailed discussion on the interaction. There are certain other concepts related to consumers buying behaviour. There are a number of people, directly and indirectly involved in the purchasing processes. The buying centre is comprised of all the people involved in the buying process. The initiator, user, buyer, influencer, decider and gatekeeper are individuals or groups involved in the various stages of the process. The initiator is the individual or group who first suggests the need of purchasing a particular product. The influencer is the individual or group, who would have his or her input in the entire process. People, controlling the information flow and access to concerned individuals in the organisations, are the gatekeepers of the entire process (Folsom Boulware, 2004). Apart from those mentioned above, there are several others involved in significant stages of the process. Conclusion After critically examining all these models, it was understood that most of these models have taken into account a number of broad factors which are comprehended according to the model specifications. Most of these models start with the initiation of expectations among the consumers. Certain other factors such as lifestyle of the users, status of the consumers, information sources such as exhibition and shows, advertisements, word- of-mouth may result in influential factors behind the consumers purchasing processes. Certain factors, such as time pressure and inherent risk are quite specific to the respective product and have the ability to put an impact on purchasing process. Apart from these, there can be certain other situational and company specific factors influencing the choice of suppliers (Sheth, 1973). Post-purchase satisfaction also triggers the re-buying process. Reference Baker, J., M Hart, S. 2003. The Marketing Book. Butterworth-Heineman. Dwyer, R., F. Fanner, F., J. 2008. Business Marketing. New York: McGraw Hill. Folsom, D. W. Boulware, R. 2004. Encyclopedia of American business. NewYork: Infobase Publishing. ODougherty, D., Haynes, R., Davies, V. M. OConnor, M. 2007. Consumer Behavior. South Africa: Pearson Education. Sheth, N. J. 1973. A Model of Industrial Buyer Behaviur. [Pdf]. Available at: http://www.jagsheth.net/docs/A%20Model%20of%20Industrial%20BuyerBehavior.pdf [Accessed on November 01, 2010]. The Institute for Working Futures. No Date. Consumer Buying Behavior. [Online]. Available at: http://www.marcbowles.com/courses/adv_dip/module12/chapter4/amc12_ch4_two.htm [Accessed on November 01, 2010]. Tyagi, L., C. Kumar, A. 2004. Consumer Behaviour. Atlantic Publishers Distribution. Swarbrooke, J. Horner, S. 2007. Consumer behaviour in tourism. USA: Elsevier Ltd.

Fake Love In The Truman Show :: essays research papers

Truman Paper The term fake love in itself does not make that much sense. How can someone express love, which is feeling that provides unconditional caring and commitment, and then call it fake. The only real way to have fake love for someone is to not love at all, but just to think you love. In the movie The Truman Show there are many individuals whom exhibit an illusion of love for the main character, Truman. At the beginning of the movie many of the characters appear to have genuine love for Truman. However, as the movie progresses almost all of the people whom are close to Truman, show in one way or another how they only think they love him. The best examples of these types of characters are his wife, his best friend, and his creator. His own wife, someone whom should be completely faithful and truthful with him lies to him on a daily basis. Her fake love is most clear when she crosses that line between actress and a real person. When she is acting she is trying her best to portray a woman who m truly loves him, but after seeing her act for so long even Truman can see her real personality underneath. He spots a person whom in real life cannot even stand him, but she puts a vale on to cover that. She probably really would like to love him but she cannot change the person she is any more than Truman can. Truman’s best friend has the same fake love traits as his wife. Even though they were friends from children they always had a secret between them. He had the illusion of loving Truman probably just because he had known him so long. Though, once you’ve lied to a person over and over the love is gone. He lied so many times that by the end of the film it could be seen that even at Truman’s worst moment he could lie to him to keep his job and the show going on. Truman’s wife and friend were not the only people in his life that had an illusion of love for him. Every one that he came in contact with in his own little city had a sort of fake love for hi m. He was the reason that they were employed and the reason that the show went on.

Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - The Madness of Hamlet Essay

The Madness of Hamlet    William Shakespeare, in the tragedy Hamlet, designed two characters who exhibit symptoms of madness: Ophelia and the prince. Hamlet states his own madness as intentional, purposeful, for the carrying out of the ghost’s admonition. But does Hamlet’s pretended insanity actually touch on real, actual insanity from time to time, or is it consistent? Phyllis Abrahms and Alan Brody in â€Å"Hamlet and the Elizabethan Revenge Tragedy Formula† consider the madness of the hero to be completely feigned and not real: Hamlet is a masterpiece not because it conforms to a set of conventions but because it takes those conventions and transmutes them into the pure gold of vital, relevant meaning. Hamlet’s feigned madness, for instance, becomes the touchstone for an illumination of the mysterious nature of sanity itself. (44-45) Hamlet’s first words in the play say that Claudius is "A little more than kin and less than kind," indicating a dissimilarity in values between the new king and himself – introducing into the story a psychological problem, a refusal to conform, which lays the groundwork, or previews, the upcoming pretended madness. As the future king of Denmark, the hero is expected to maintain a good working relationship with the present king, Claudius. But this is not so. Even before the apparition of the ghost, Hamlet has a very sour relationship with his uncle and stepfather, Claudius. Hamlet’s first soliloquy deepens the psychological rift between the prince and the world at large, but especially women; it emphasizes the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage to her husband’s brother: Must I remember? why, she would hang on him,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As if... ...: Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1986. Rpt. of â€Å"O’erdoing Termagant: An Approach to Shakespearean Mimesis.† The Yale Review 63, no.3 (Spring 1974). Foakes, R.A.. â€Å"The Play’s Courtly Setting.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. of â€Å"Hamlet and the Court of Elsinore.† Shakespeare Survey: An Annual Survey of Shakespearean Study and Production. No. 9. Ed. Allardyce Nicoll. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1956. Rosenberg, Marvin. â€Å"Laertes: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: University of Delaware Press, 1992. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html

George Orwell’s Politics and the English Language vs. Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal: Essay

George Orwell’s â€Å"Politics and the English Language† and Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† are essays from two different times; the former written in 1946, and the latter in the 18th century. Both essays aim to spark people’s attention and address important national issues of their countries. â€Å"Politics and the English Language† basically presents Orwell’s opinion about the then-current state of the English Language—that it was decaying, just like what was happening to civilization at that time. He attributed the decay of the English Language to politics and economics, arguing that it is not just the fault of the writer that his words lack precision and has stale imagery, but it is rooted from political and economic causes, saying â€Å"†¦an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form.† On the other hand, â€Å"A Modest Proposal For Preventing The Children of Poor People in Ireland From Being Aburden to Their Parents or Country, and For Making Them Beneficial to The Public† presents Swift’s satirical critique of the English and Irish government, wherein he sarcastically suggested that in order for the Irish government to solve the national issues of poverty and overpopulation, they must sell the children of the poor, specifically one-year old babies, as food for the wealthy Irish and English people. He presented staggering calculations and economic strategies on how to achieve necessary solutions to end their national problems. He argued that the use of poor children as food for the wealthy will reduce the country’s population and improve the condition and living state of the poor Irish people because of the increased income they will get from selling their children. The points in which these two essays try to impose on their readers are much influenced by what was going on in their respective countries at the time the famous literary pieces were written. In Swift’s time, which was the early 18th century, several astounding issues were present in Ireland that struck Swift and led him to write his famous essay. One of these is the oppressive treatment of the Catholic peasants of Ireland by the English, which resulted in the peasants of Ireland to be experience extreme poverty. Swift published his essay as a pamphlet. On the other hand, Orwell’s essay was written in 1946, a time when Britain was in a hazy after-war state. Therefore political speeches were prevalent at that time; writers and speakers, as observed by Orwell, lack precision in their words and has a stale imagery in their messages. The way the two authors attacked their respective adversaries (in Swift’s case, the Irish government, and in Orwell’s, political writers and all writers in English in general) are completely different in a variety of ways. There is significant amount of   diversity of their style of writing even though they have the same goal in general, which is, in a shallow point of view, to spark, take hold—grope people’s attention through their essays to get them to read intently what the message of their essays bring. In terms of the persona of the essay, Orwell attacked writers as a linguist, analyzing what was faulty behind the use of language of writers in his time. The essay even has a persona of an English language instructor, as Orwell pointed out rules that he proposed everyone must use when writing: â€Å"(i) Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.   (ii) Never us a long word where a short one will do.(iii) If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. (iv) Never use the passive where you can use the active. (v) Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent. (vi) Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.† Meanwhile, Swift attacked the Irish government in the persona of an economist, calculating how much percentage of the population will be decreased in case his proposal is applied, and other economic statistics in his time. A part of his essay presents then-current statistics of the kingdom of Ireland: â€Å"†¦ The number of souls in this kingdom being usually reckoned one million and a half, of these I calculate there may be about two hundred thousand couple whose wives are breeders; from which number I subtract thirty thousand couples who are able to maintain their own children, although I apprehend there cannot be so many, under the present distresses of the kingdom; but this being granted, there will remain an hundred and seventy thousand breeders. I again subtract fifty thousand for those women who miscarry, or whose children die by accident or disease within the year. There only remains one hundred and twenty thousand children of poor parents annually born†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The essays also differed in the type of language their authors used. Orwell’s â€Å"Politics and the English Language† used literal language. He said his points straight and direct, with no figurative speech whatsoever. Neither did he used euphemisms in criticizing the words and sentences and essays of the writers who, according to him, are faulty in their use of the English language: â€Å"These five passages have not been picked out because they are especially bad — I could have quoted far worse if I had chosen — but because they illustrate various of the mental vices from which we now suffer. They are a little below the average, but are fairly representative examples. I number them so that i can refer back to them when necessary: 1. I am not, indeed, sure whether it is not true to say that the Milton who once seemed not unlike a seventeenth-century Shelley had not become, out of an experience ever more bitter in each year, more alien [sic] to the founder of that Jesuit sect which nothing could induce him to tolerate. Professor Harold Laski (Essay in Freedom of Expression)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  On the other hand, the language of Swift’s essay, â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, is entirely figurative. The essay is classified as a political satire, incorporated with much sarcasm and irony. His irrational argument, which is to use the babies of poor families in Ireland as food for the wealthy English and Irish people, intensified by exaggeration, is actually a metaphor to attack the policies of the Irish government at that time. â€Å"†¦and therefore whoever could find out a fair, cheap, and easy method of making these children sound, useful members of the commonwealth would deserve so well of the public as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation†¦ †¦a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout.†

Patriotism In The Poetry Of The Great War English Literature Essay

Patriotic ideals and attitudes towards the Great War changed dramatically when soldiers began returning place ; the barbarous world sing warfare became evident to civilians. Soldiers excessively began to oppugn their forfeits for their state, since 1000s of deceases were ensuing and there was a sense of lost intent. Furthermore, many work forces suffered from shell daze, whilst those who had died were non seen as baronial, since nil good was achieved or resolved after the war. Prior to soldiers returning place, civilians were incognizant of how barbarous the war truly was, still go oning to utilize old loyal mottos which romanticised warfare. Therefore, war poets who had fought on the forepart saw it as their responsibility to show the harsh worlds, which finally affected their imaginativenesss and poetic technique, go forthing them traumatised and everlastingly unable to bury. Siegfried Sassoon ‘s ‘Glory of Women ‘ articulates how propaganda enforced a ‘glorious ‘ portraiture of enlisting to the war. Sassoon illustrates the misrepresentation adult females faced sing the romantic impressions of war juxtaposed to its rough world. Work force were killed for no intent, since the original cause of the war had been lost, whilst adult females held the naif belief that work forces were nobly prosecuting heroic ideals. Sassoon argued that the intent of war was lost, which is partially why the loyal ideal dispersed ; forfeit was non dignified, since the combat was go oning and nil was altering. Sassoon stated, ‘This war, upon which I entered as a war of defense mechanism and release, has now become a war of aggression and conquering ‘[ 1 ], and he saw the war as being prolonged unnecessarily. ‘Glory of Women ‘ adopts a alone signifier since Sassoon amalgamates both the English and Italian sonnet ; the construction itself is hence dry, since the underlying tone is one of resentment and ill will towards civilians. Sassoon emphasises that the loyal ideal and romanticised impression of war is a prevarication entirely enforced by propaganda. The conventional abab rime strategy, synonymous with a typical English sonnet, runs through the two quatrains, which finally express the adult females ‘s esteem for heroic soldiers and their captivation with war, ‘You love us when we ‘re heroes ‘[ 2 ]and ‘You listen with delectation ‘ ( line 5 ) . However, undertones of acrimonious sarcasm pervade the octave, conveying Sassoon ‘s antipathy towards the misrepresentation enforced upon civilians, ‘You believe/That gallantry redeems the war ‘s shame ‘ ( line 4 ) . The ‘You ‘ is turn toing adult females at place , and its changeless repeat segregates the soldiers from society and represents its nescient deficiency of consciousness towards the world of warfare. Furthermore, the to a great extent dry linguistic communication used throughout the octave, such as ‘Worship ‘ , ‘Love ‘ and ‘Laurelled ‘ ( lines 3,1 & A ; 8 ) is mocked by the on-going unenrgetic beat of the verse form, ‘And mourn our laureled memories when we ‘re killed ‘ ( line 8 ) , which alongside the iambic pentameter, highlights the lip service of nationalism. Therefore, the beat and signifier are constructed intentionally in a tight and conventional construction to reflect the unreal composing of prevarications which the populace were led to believe, sing the war as dignifying and heroic. Sassoon farther attacks the ‘Delight ‘ and ‘Thrill ‘ ( lines 5 & A ; 6 ) which civilians felt when told the ‘Tales of soil and danger ‘ ( line 6 ) ; the initial rhyme makes these ‘tales ‘ seem exciting, proposing a fairy tale, which distances the civilians from the black world of the soldiers despairing state of affairs. Furthermore, ‘You crown our distant ardor ‘ and ‘You worship ornaments ‘ ( lines 7 & A ; 3 ) suggests knighthood and courage, and the octave besides indicates canonized artificiality ; the ‘Decorations ‘ , ‘Shells ‘ , ‘Crown ‘ , ‘Laurel [ led ] ‘ ( lines 3,5,7 & A ; 8 ) are false and mercenary, symbolizing the deceit of war to civilians. The six, conversely, moves from the contrived portraiture of war, to its cruel world, following a Petrarchan cdecde rime strategy, which heightens Sassoon ‘s intensified acrimonious tone. The octave therefore insinuates Sassoon ‘s choler, but the Volta, ‘You ca n't believe that British military personnels ‘retire † ( line 9 ) obviously expresses Sassoon ‘s bitterness for the populace ‘s incredulous attitude towards resigned soldiers and their ‘lack of nationalism ‘ . The old ‘Worship ‘ ( line 3 ) of the mercenary gear is juxtaposed to the blunt world of the work forces who ‘Run ‘ ( line 10 ) with fright which finally ‘Breaks them ‘ ( line 10 ) , bespeaking that these work forces will either be broken through shell daze or decease ; there is no flight from injury. The image stoping the verse form, ‘His face is trodden deeper in the clay ‘ ( line 14 ) farther conveys this thought that traumatic memories will ne'er be forgotten. The soldier will be trodden ‘Deeper ‘ ( line 14 ) as clip base on ballss ; bespeaking how he will everlastingly be imprinted on the land, yet there is besides a affecting tone proposing that he has been left and forgotten about, which dispels all semblances sing war as a baronial chase. Sassoon intentionally replaces the conventional rhyming pair featured in the English sonnet by grouping three lines together to exemplify his concluding message, ‘O German female parent dreaming by the fire ‘ ( line 12 ) , indenting the ‘O ‘ to pull attending to these concluding ideas. Sassoon is exemplifying how he has torn down the hatred barrier between the two states and treated them as one ; indenting the border separates the German female parent from the English civilians he is mentioning to in the verse form, yet his message conveys that the German female parent would be merely as devastated by her boy ‘s decease as an English female parent would. Similarly, both states are pressurised by untruthful propaganda, and false thoughts of nationalism. Sassoon therefore saw all worlds every bit, which contradicts the impression of war in itself. Wilfred Owen ‘s, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est ‘ , likewise conveys the morbid worlds of war, juxtaposing civilians ‘ loyal ideals. Owen vividly depicts a soldier deceasing from a gas onslaught, underscoring how forfeit was non glamourous and epic as propaganda conveyed it to be, but alternatively, it was unpointed and barbarous. Nerve gas causes the person to experience a drowning esthesis, and Owen therefore makes changeless mentions to H2O associated with this deceasing adult male, ‘Sea ‘ , ‘Drowning ‘ , ‘Gargling ‘ and ‘Guttering ‘[ 3 ]. These sounds are brooding of the adult male ‘Choking ‘ ( line 16 ) , and as we read the verse form aloud, we can literally hear him deceasing. Furthermore, these verbs are distinguished from the other work forces ‘Flound'ring, ‘Fumbling ‘ , ‘Stumbling ‘ ( lines 12,9 & A ; 11 ) which are all actions performed on land. The deceasing adult male in the ‘Green sea ‘ ( line 14 ) is therefore to the full detached from his fellow soldiers in his death minutes, and the affecting statement from the talker, ‘He plunges at me ‘ ( line 16 ) , farther conveys the deceasing adult male ‘s despairing effort to make out. However, he is stray and entirely ; decease and forfeit are hence non honorable qualities or loyal, but lonely and terrorizing. Owen challenges the conventional poetic signifier, which signifies the dislocation of society ‘s rules and its constituted system. Initially, the verse form looks as though it is written in iambic pentameter, but Owen breaks up the iambic beat with punctuation, ‘But limped on, blood-shod. All went square ; all blind ‘ ( line 6 ) , delegating the verse form with a colloquial tone. However, this confused beat is effectual, since Owen did non desire his verse form to flux swimmingly ; it is intentionally full of ‘Stumbling ‘ and ‘Fatigue ‘ ( lines 11 & A ; 7 ) , symbolizing a realistic tone of devastation and conveyance that nationalism, and the romanticised image of war, no longer existed. The soldiers in the verse form are portrayed pitifully, urgently seeking to persist ; this impression is highlighted through the actions of the work forces who are ‘Bent dual ‘ , ‘Marched asleep ‘ , ‘Trudge ‘ and ‘Limped on ‘ ( lines 1,5,4 & A ; 6 ) , and the slow beat adds to their sulky motion. The gait of the beat so quickly speeds up in the undermentioned stanza, when person shouts, ‘Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! – An rapture of groping ‘ ( line 9 ) . Two forces are hence working against each other, since the words ‘Fumbling ‘ and ‘Clumsy ‘ ( lines 9 & A ; 10 ) suggest the work forces are still trapped in this slow motion, but the usage of exclaiming Markss and the capitalization of ‘Gas! ‘ implies a sense of urgency and force per unit area. Therefore, the work forces are non portrayed as ‘racing ‘ for their gas masks, foregrounding a feeling of at hand licking and futility , and their apathetic nature towards seting their masks on reveals the atrociousnesss of warfare. The usage of similes in the verse form are highly effectual ; at the beginning of the verse form, the soldiers are compared to old cripples ‘Bent double, like old mendicants under pokes, / Knock-kneed, coughing like beldams ‘ ( lines 1-2 ) . The work forces ironically juxtapose the fine-looking image of a soldier enforced by propaganda. Furthermore, these gap lines are compared to the stoping of the verse form which portrays ‘Innocent linguas ‘ and ‘Children ‘ ( lines 24 & A ; 26 ) , which serve as a reminder that these work forces are non aged and crippled, but vernal, and there is nil glorious about the decease of kids. Owen is angry with the deceit of warfare to boys whose lives have merely merely begun and are necessarily being wasted for nil. A farther simile which Owen uses to convey his choler towards the impression of nationalism is, ‘His hanging face, like a Satan ‘s sick of wickedness ‘ ( line 20 ) . This image suggests that if the Satan is ill of wickedness, which is the chief feature he is associated with, he is efficaciously oppugning his values and manner of life. The ‘hanging face ‘ farther reflects his letdown with his realization that his being has been for no intent. Owen is therefore connoting that likewise, the deceasing soldier is oppugning nationalism and ‘glory ‘ in deceasing, gaining his decease will hold no positive result, and his life has been wasted unnecessarily. Furthermore, Owen could be seen as comparing the prevarications of nationalism and war with wickedness itself. To reason, Sassoon and Owen provided civilians with the true word picture of warfare because the publicity of deceasing for one ‘s state was unfair, since 1000s of work forces were giving their lives for a lost cause. There was a necessity hence to kill the exploited image of nationalism created by propaganda, and expose the ruthless world of giving oneself to warfare.

Facebook Essay

Facebook is a social network created in 2004 and has over 21 million registered members. It is the newer version of MySpace and has taken over cyberspace. Facebook allows you to stay connected with friends, classmates and old friends. It was originally created for college students, but people of all ages all over the world have now become part of the social network. There are many activities you can do when you join virtual groups based on common interests, see what classes they have in common, and learn each others’ hobbies, interests, musical tastes, and romantic relationship status through the profiles. If used properly there can be many advantages of Facebook in the life of a college student. Some colleges set up facebook groups for future classes of students to meet online. The University of Chicago had several groups of students getting ready to graduate high school already beginning online friendships with possible future classmates. They all talked about and shared their goals, what classes they planned to take and shared in the anticipation of receiving their acceptance letters. Students across the country are connecting with future classmates as well. Some students in New York arranged to meet there facebook group friends in person. These new facebook friends will probably rarely see each other on campus. These facebook forced friendships do not last for long, but it makes the students feel more comfortable about their first day of College. If you are a college student like me, chances are you probably have a Facebook. You probably log on more than once a day and you probably spend at least an hour on it per day. You sit down to write a paper or study for a test and somehow you end up on Facebook. Before you know it an hour has passed and you haven’t gotten anything done. This is the case for majority of college students. We do not know how to manage our time or priorities. It is easier and more entertaining to spend time on Facebook than to spend time studying. There is a quote that states â€Å"The reason why people fail is that they trade what they want most for what they want at the moment. † In this moment college students want to socialize and have fun, they put their future on the back burner because they cannot feel the effects of their underachievements. Facebook also has its advantages as well. For example many college students can use facebook market place to sell their cars, books, computers etc. With such a large number of people in this network it makes it easier to sell your items. â€Å"According to a 2008 Kaplan study, one in 10 college admissions officers routinely check out college applicants’ Facebook and MySpace pages. And some 38% of them found posts and pictures that reflected poorly on those prospective students. A study conducted at Ohio State University concluded that students who were Facebook user had a GPA 5-10 points lower than non Facebook users. Students who did not use Facebook dedicated more time to studying than users. It is important to keep everything on your facebook mutual. You do not want someone to be able to look at your profile picture and know everything about you. If you are a prospective college student, or a college student ready to find a good job, or apply for an internship it is import ant to sensor your profile. Your profile picture should be of you at a party with a drink or cigarette in your hand, kissing your significant other, or anything sexy or provocative. It should be a mutual picture of you in a nice setting. You should also be cautious of what you put in your profile description. The way you talk, and describe yourself shows a lot about your character. College students talk in slang amoung there friends, which is not a bad thing, but it should be limited to just that, amoung your friends. A young college graduate applied for an internship in a consulting company in Chicago, when the company looked up his facebook this is what they found in his profile description â€Å"†smokin’ blunts† (cigars hollowed out and stuffed with marijuana), shooting people and obsessive sex† Though this individual may have been joking or trying to be funny, it made him like he lacked good judgement and very unprofessional. They found things that went against the values of the company. These are not the kind of people companies are looking to hire. They are interested in responsible and modest people. Facebook and MySpace are only two years old but have attracted millions of avid young participants, who mingle online by sharing biographical and other information, often intended to show how funny, cool or outrageous they are. † For some Facebook is a new identity, you can be whoever you want because you are hiding in front of a computer screen. You can make you rself seem however you would like by just an update of a status. It can also hinder your social ability to communicate with people. A cell phone build one wall between two people, texting and social networking builds two. Many college students have â€Å"hooked up† with and gone on blind dates with complete stranger they have met over Facebook. Most facebook users including myself have accepted friend request by strangers. Maybe you accepted them because of your mutual friends, or maybe other reasons. Whatever the reason, someone who tries to hit on you, or ask you out on facebook can manipulate your profile. They know which friends your both have in common because of the â€Å"mutual friends list† they know what type of music you listen to, what your religious and political views are, even your favorite quotes. A friend of mine met an attractive guy over facebook. They started chatting a few times a week, and eventually set up a date. She said she had a good time, but that it was almost too perfect because they had so much in common. It was obvious that he had done his research, and did it well. He used her facebook information to get her to like him, he knew exactly the right things to talk about and say. For all she knew he could have been a crazy stalker with bad intentions. If you have just graduated and you are looking for a job, Facebook could either make or break your career. Most companies take the time and research potential employees. They would like to hire people with a clean record and reputation to represent their companies. Many have lost their jobs because of their Facebook profiles. Though you may try to keep your profile as clean as possible, the comments your friends leave you also count. You are who you hang out with and if your friends leave you inappropriate comments or tag you in an old party picture it could very well jeopardize and close doors for your future. According to Alex Patino, a Resident Assistant here at Kean University, the Office of Residence Life requires that you sign a contract disclaiming that no inappropriate pictures and/or comments are posted on your Facebook or any social networking site you belong to. Any Resident Assistant caught or reported to have any offensive material of his or her website can be put on probation, and if serious enough the student may be fired. I decided to conduct my own research to find out how many hours a day college students spend on facebook and how it affects their work and study habits. I made a multiple choice and one open ended question survey and sampled about 115 students from all different colleges. I posted my survey from survey monkey to my facebook status. From there I waited for students to respond. Out of the 115 students who participated in the survey, 46 % spent two to three hours on facebook per day. That is almost half of those who participated. 11 % spent two to three hours, and 8 % spent an unhealthy 5 hours or more on facebook, that is almost a whole day at work. 35 % of students said they spend an hour or less on facebook which is the amount of time we should be limiting ourselves to being online. When asked what activities they do online, most students said they spend most of their time on facebook checking for notifications, chatting, and said most of their time was spent browsing through user’s profiles and pictures. One student said: â€Å"I do not use facebook anymore. Have no use for it†¦ It is nothing but a ‘Hackers’ paradise. † The Face book dos and don’ts -Do not post to much personal information about yourself. Remember that your reputation is important and your information should be mutual Also remember strangers can view your profile. Ex: address cell phone number place of work) Your close friends already know that information you do not need to post it for everyone else to see – Be careful what pictures you upload of yourself. Many people do not personally know you, and can get the wrong idea of who you are by the way you present yourself in photos. Employers like to keep an eye on their employees, drunken pictures or provocative pictures can ruin your chances of landing a job -Do not ever post on your status where you will be, and who you will be with. There are such things as facebook stalkers and they might really show up – Do not believe everything you see online. More than 75% of students who participated in my survey said they spend most of their time looking at other user’s profiles. People can pretend to be who ever they’d like online â€Å"Everything you say can and will be used against you. † We all have heard that saying somewhere or another that is used in court or upon arrest. But did you ever think everything on your facebook could be used against you in some way? Well think again. According to one East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania professor, a joke she made about students on her facebook was not taken lightly. She posted comments joking about killing students. The comment stated â€Å"Had a good day today, did not want to kill even one student 🙂 Now Friday was a different story. † What she thought were playful joking comments led to her suspension at the University. Even upon her return students were very angry that she was allowed back into the classroom. The jokes were strictly meant for family and friends, but when posting something on a public website, others who may not know u as well may feel threatened and take â€Å"jokes† to be serious.